MidtermChapter7

CHAPTER 7: MOTIVATIONAL INTERVENTIONS KEY POINTS ** ® Motivational interventions improve human performance by increasing the amount of commitment and persistence of performers ® There both monetary and non-monetary motivational interventions ® Performance = Ability x Environment x Motivation ® Understanding different types of motivation helps you select, design, and implement the best type of motivation to achieve different goals ® Both motivators and demotivators need to be considered ® Interventions should be designed and implemented in accordance with organizational budget, schedule and capacity in terms of personnel and physical resources ® Select an appropriate mix of motivators · **//Motivational interventions //**<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> improve human performance by increasing the amount of commitment and persistence of performers <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 11.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Spurring someone to act in a certain way <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 11.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">The psychological process that gives purpose and direction to people’s behavior <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 11.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">A state of mind that drives people to achieve personal and organizational goals <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 11.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· //<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Performance = Ability x Environment x Motivation // <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 11.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Lack of motivation is the root cause for most HP problems <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 11.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· **//<span style="color: #4f6228; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Intrinsic Motivation: //**<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> occurs when the performance of a task becomes an end in itself <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 11.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· **//<span style="color: #4f6228; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Extrinsic Motivation: //**<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> comes from factors outside of the task you are performing <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 11.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· **//<span style="color: #4f6228; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Internal Motivation: //**<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> (self-motivation) comes from inside yourself <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 11.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· **//<span style="color: #4f6228; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">External Motivation: //**<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> comes from the outside <span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore;">o <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Internal vs. External <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 11.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">2 approaches to develop effective motivation systems: <span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore;">o <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Adding and highlighting **// motivators //** that reinforce appropriate performance <span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore;">o <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Removing and reducing **// demotivators //** that punish appropriate performance <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 11.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">The 3 Rs of motivational systems: <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Narrow'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Arial Narrow'; msobidifontfamily: 'Arial Narrow'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Arial Narrow'; msolist: Ignore;">1. **//<span style="color: #4f6228; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Recruitment //**<span style="color: #943634; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> **//<span style="color: #4f6228; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Systems //**<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="background: yellow; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; mso-highlight: yellow;">Encourage <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> competent people to work for the organization <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Narrow'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Arial Narrow'; msobidifontfamily: 'Arial Narrow'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Arial Narrow'; msolist: Ignore;">2. **//<span style="color: #4f6228; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Retention //**<span style="color: #943634; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> **//<span style="color: #4f6228; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Systems //**<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="background: yellow; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; mso-highlight: yellow;">Discourage <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> competent people from leaving the organization <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Narrow'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Arial Narrow'; msobidifontfamily: 'Arial Narrow'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Arial Narrow'; msolist: Ignore;">3. **//<span style="color: #4f6228; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Results //**<span style="color: #943634; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> **//<span style="color: #4f6228; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Systems //**<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="background: yellow; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; mso-highlight: yellow;">Encourage <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> competent people to accomplish more for the organization <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 11.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· **//<span style="color: #4f6228; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Analysis Activities //**<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore;">o //<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Analyze motivational  //<span style="background: yellow; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; mso-highlight: yellow;"> characteristics and preferences <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> of the target population <span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore;">o <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Analyze motivators and demotivators that influence current job performance <span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore;">o <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Conduct job/ task analysis <span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore;">o <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Specify performance goals and related rewards <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 11.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· **//<span style="color: #4f6228; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Design Activities //**<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore;">o <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Select an appropriate mix of motivators <span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore;">o <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Design a prototype motivation system <span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore;">o <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Review the system for undesirable effects <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 10.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Are the rewards adequate when compared to alternative opportunities available to the performer? || <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 10.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Does the system feature vertical balance by providing differentiated rewards for unequal levels of performance? || <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 10.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Is there a close fit between the rewards and job performance requirements? || <span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore;">o <span style="background: yellow; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; mso-highlight: yellow;">Revise <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> the motivation system <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 11.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· **//<span style="color: #4f6228; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Implementation Activities //**<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore;">o <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Keep employees involved and informed <span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore;">o <span style="background: yellow; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; mso-highlight: yellow;">Orient <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> the employees to the new motivation system <span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore;">o <span style="background: yellow; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; mso-highlight: yellow;">Modify <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';"> the system based on immediate feedback <span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore;">o <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Continuously monitor and upgrade the system
 * <span style="color: #943634; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">[[file:Chapter 7.doc]]
 * <span style="color: #943634; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">WHAT ARE MOTIVATIONAL INTERVENTIONS? **
 * **<span style="color: white; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">MONETARY INTERVENTIONS ** |||||| **<span style="color: white; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">NON-MONETARY INTERVENTIONS ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Salary || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Meaningfulness of work || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Positive feedback || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Feedback from end users ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Merit pay || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Sense of competence || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Skill recognition || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Removal of task barriers ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Bonus || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Availability of choices || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Exciting vision || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Mentoring ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Allowances || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Feeling of progress || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Whole tasks || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Training ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Pension || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Freedom to make mistakes || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Collaborative climate || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Promotion ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Profit sharing || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Clear purpose || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Milestones || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Job security ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Expense accounts || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Access to information || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Celebrations || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> ||
 * <span style="color: #943634; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">WHAT IS MOTIVATION? **
 * <span style="color: #943634; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">TYPES OF MOTIVATION: INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC **
 * **<span style="color: white; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">Internal motivation is induced by… ** || **<span style="color: white; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">External motivation is categorized into… ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Fantasies || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Embarrassment || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Monetary motivators ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Daydreams || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Potential effect on self-esteem || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Non-monetary motivators ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Ego gratification ||
 * <span style="color: #943634; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">MOTIVATORS AND DEMOTIVATORS **
 * <span style="color: #943634; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">VARIATIONS IN PURPOSE: THE THREE //Rs// **<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">
 * <span style="color: #943634; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">HOW TO DESIGN AND IMPLEMENT A MOTIVATION SYSTEM **
 * **<span style="color: white; font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">THE //ABC// WAY ** ||
 * **//<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">A //**<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">dequacy || <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 10.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Does motivation system provide an adequate level of rewards associated with the job performance required?
 * **//<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">B //**<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">alance || <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 10.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Does the motivation system feature horizontal balance by providing equal rewards for equal levels of performance?
 * **//<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">C //**<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif';">onsistency || <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 10.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Does the motivation system directly reward the achievement of organization and job goals?